Senin, 03 Desember 2012
Contrastive Conjunction and Modal Perfect
Modals in the past form are used in the past time.
They are could, would, should, and might. Formula of modals is:
Modals + verb 1 + O/C.
Can be used in every tenses.
a. Could is the past tense of can
The modal auxiliary could is used.
To express an ability in the past:
They are could, would, should, and might. Formula of modals is:
Modals + verb 1 + O/C.
Can be used in every tenses.
a. Could is the past tense of can
The modal auxiliary could is used.
To express an ability in the past:
Passive Sentences
Passive sentences or Passive voice verbs are used
in writing much more often than in speech, and they are used in some types of
writing much more often than in others. Passives are used more in journalism
(newspapers, magazines) than in fiction (novels, stories), but most journalists
and fiction writers use far more active than passive sentences.
Direct speech and Indirect speech
Direct speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech)
Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.
For example:
She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."
or
"Today's lesson is on presentations," she said.
Narrative Text
Narrative text is
an imaginative story to entertain readers. Other function of narrative text is for education.
Discusssion Text
Discussion is a text which presents a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different points of view. It presents pro and contra opinion on certain issue. The purpose of a discussion text is to
present arguments and information from differing viewpoints. Discussion texts are usually written in the present tense.
Asking about Possibilities, Expressing Curiosity and Desire, Expressing Views.
1. Asking about Possibilities
Possibility is used when we are talking about the
future, we often don't really know what will happen.
Expressing asking about possibilities:
- Would it be possible for (somebody) to …?
- Do you think it’s possible that ... ?
BUSINESS LETTER
1. Definition
A business letter is:
- a letter written for formal or professional purposes.
- similar to a friendly letter, except for one extra part.
- should be short, courteous, and to the point.
Explanation Text
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to
forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Generally the
purpose of an explanation text is explaining how something forms or why the
thing happens. So when we read an explanation text, the text will cover the
answer of "how" or "why" relating to a thing or a
phenomenon. It is often found in science, geography and
history text books.
Generic structure of Explanation
Generic structure of Explanation
- General statement : stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
- Sequenced explanation : stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.
Complaning and Giving Instruction
COMPLAINING
A complaint is complaints are expressions of "displeasure or annoyance" in response to an action that is seen by the speaker as unfavorable.
Making a complaint
A complaint is complaints are expressions of "displeasure or annoyance" in response to an action that is seen by the speaker as unfavorable.
Making a complaint
- I do wish you could….
- Excuse me, I’m afraid…
- I wish you wouldn’t mind…
Making Suggestion and Requesting Something
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
o "If you had left earlier, you would have caught the train." or
o "You will make yourself ill if you eat all those chocolates."
They are called conditional sentences. A conditional sentence consists of two clauses; the if-clause, and the main clause. The if-clause can come first or second. When it comes first, we usually put a comma between the two clauses.
o "You will make yourself ill if you eat all those chocolates."
They are called conditional sentences. A conditional sentence consists of two clauses; the if-clause, and the main clause. The if-clause can come first or second. When it comes first, we usually put a comma between the two clauses.
ADMITTING MISTAKES & MAKING PROMISES
1) ADMITTING
MISTAKES
- It demonstrates your courage
- It demonstrates your humanity
Blaming and Accusing Someone
(1) BLAMING
Blaming : When someone said that person did a mistake that should be her/his responsibility, like choosing wrong way.
Blaming is an expression that is used to say on somebody the
responsibility for something done (badly or wrongly) or not done: He
blamed his teacher for his failure. Blaming is finding fault: if you
don’t do the work well, you will incur.
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